Virginia’s Civil Air Patrol Leave Law, Va. Code § 40.1-28.7:6 (“CAPLL,” titled “Employers to allow leave for volunteer members of Civil Air Patrol; civil remedy”), provides that employees who are volunteer members of the Civil Air Patrol are entitled to limited amounts of job-protected leave for training for or responding to emergency missions.  Job-Protected Leave...Read More

In Equal Emp’t Opportunity Comm’n v. Abercrombie & Fitch Stores, Inc., 575 U.S. 768 (2015), the Supreme Court held that to prove a religion-based disparate treatment claim under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, a job applicant need only show that her need for a religious accommodation was a motivating factor in...Read More

In Torres v. Texas Dep’t of Pub. Safety, 142 S. Ct. 2455 (2022), the Supreme Court held that States do not have sovereign immunity against damages claims for servicemember employment discrimination in violation of the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 (USERRA). The Court determined that by ratifying the Constitution, the States...Read More

Virginia’s Misclassification Anti-Retaliation Law, Va. Code § 40.1-33.1 (“MARL,” titled “Retaliatory actions prohibited; civil penalty”), provides that employers shall not discharge, penalize, or take any retaliatory action against an employee or independent contractor for reporting, or planning to report, to an appropriate authority an employer’s failure to properly classify an individual as an employee and failure to...Read More

In Harbourt v. PPE Casino Resorts Maryland, LLC, 820 F.3d 655 (4th Cir. 2016) the Fourth Circuit held that under the Fair Labor Standards Act, compensable “work,” for which the FLSA requires employers to pay at least minimum wage, broadly encompasses physical or mental exertion, whether burdensome or not, controlled or required by the employer primarily for its...Read More

The Virginia Employee Social Media Privacy Act, VA Code § 40.1-28.7:5 (“VESMPA”), titled “Social media accounts of current and prospective employees,” generally prohibits Virginia employers from (1) requiring employees or prospective employees to disclose their social media usernames and passwords or (2) to “friend” or “connect” with the employer on social media. As with many laws, however,...Read More

In Cummings v. Premier Rehab Keller, P.L.L.C., 142 S. Ct. 1562 (2022), the Supreme Court held that emotional distress damages are not recoverable in private actions to enforce the antidiscrimination provisions of the Rehabilitation Act or the Affordable Care Act. Facts The plaintiff, Jane Cummings, was deaf and legally blind. She asked Premier Rehab to...Read More

The Virginia Equal Pay Act (“VEPA”), VA Code § 40.1-28.6, prohibits Virginia employers from paying employees less than employees of the opposite sex for doing the same work. The VEPA is similar to the federal Equal Pay Act and contains similar exceptions and remedies, but only covers employers not covered by the Equal Pay Act.  PROTECTIONS The VEPA...Read More

In Morgan v. Sundance, Inc., 142 S. Ct. 1708 (2022), the Supreme Court held that prejudice is not a condition of finding that a party, by litigating too long, waived its right to stay litigation or compel arbitration under the Federal Arbitration Act. Facts Morgan worked as an hourly employee at a Taco Bell franchise owned...Read More

Virginia’s Worker Misclassification Law, VA Code § 58.1–1900–05 (“WML”), emphasizes the rights of employees to be properly classified as such, and makes it unlawful for employers to require or request that employees sign documents incorrectly classifying them as independent contractors. While the WML does not provide a statutory right of action, an employee terminated in violation of...Read More